Latest PUBLICATIONS

  • Late-onset MNGIE without peripheral neuropathy due to incomplete loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity.
    Publication Date: 01/12/2009, on Neuromuscular disorders : NMD
    by Massa R, Tessa A, Margollicci M, Micheli V, Romigi A, Tozzi G, Terracciano C, Piemonte F, Bernardi G, Santorelli FM
    DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.08.013

    Mitochondrial NeuroGastroIntestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, peripheral neuropathy, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and leukoencephalopathy with early onset and severe prognosis. Mutations in the TYMP/ECGF1 gene cause a loss of thymidine phosphorylase catalytic activity, disrupting the homeostasis of intramitochondrial nucleotide pool. We report a woman with a very late onset of MNGIE, lacking peripheral neuropathy. Thymidine phosphorylase activity was markedly reduced in cultured fibroblasts, but only mildly reduced in buffy coat, where the defect is usually detected, and plasma thymidine was mildly increased compared to typical MNGIE patients. TYMP/ECGF1 analysis detected two heterozygous mutations, including a novel missense mutation. These findings indicate that a partial loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity may induce a late-onset and incomplete MNGIE phenotype.

  • Post-marketing of disease modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis: an exploratory analysis of gender effect in interferon beta treatment.
    Publication Date: 15/11/2009, on Journal of the neurological sciences
    by Trojano M, Pellegrini F, Paolicelli D, Fuiani A, Zimatore GB, Tortorella C, Simone IL, Patti F, Ghezzi A, Portaccio E, Rossi P, Pozzilli C, Salemi G, Lugaresi A, Bergamaschi R, Millefiorini E, Clerico M, Lus G, Vianello M, Avolio C, Cavalla P, Iaffaldano P, Direnzo V, D'Onghia M, Lepore V, Livrea P, Comi G, Amato MP,
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.06.036

    There are a few and conflicting results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) pertaining to the influence of gender in response to currently used disease modifying drugs in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observational studies may be especially valuable for answering effectiveness questions in subgroups not studied in RCTs.

  • Age-dependent effects of RPE65 gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial.
    Publication Date: 07/11/2009, on Lancet (London, England)
    by Maguire AM, High KA, Auricchio A, Wright JF, Pierce EA, Testa F, Mingozzi F, Bennicelli JL, Ying GS, Rossi S, Fulton A, Marshall KA, Banfi S, Chung DC, Morgan JI, Hauck B, Zelenaia O, Zhu X, Raffini L, Coppieters F, De Baere E, Shindler KS, Volpe NJ, Surace EM, Acerra C, Lyubarsky A, Redmond TM, Stone E, Sun J, McDonnell JW, Leroy BP, Simonelli F, Bennett J
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61836-5

    Gene therapy has the potential to reverse disease or prevent further deterioration of vision in patients with incurable inherited retinal degeneration. We therefore did a phase 1 trial to assess the effect of gene therapy on retinal and visual function in children and adults with Leber's congenital amaurosis.

  • Shedding light on the interaction between TMPyP4 and human telomeric quadruplexes.
    Publication Date: 05/11/2009, on The journal of physical chemistry. B
    by Martino L, Pagano B, Fotticchia I, Neidle S, Giancola C
    DOI: 10.1021/jp9066394

    The nature of the binding mode and stoichiometry of the TMPyP4 cationic porphyrin to G-quadruplex structures continues to be controversial, with no consensus model to date, especially for intramolecular G-quadruplexes from human telomeric sequences. Those sequences possess intricate polymorphism in solution that appears to be reduced under molecular crowding conditions in which the parallel structure appears to be the most populated one. We have performed a systematic study, in dilute solution and under molecular crowding conditions, of the binding reactions between TMPyP4 and four G-quadruplexes formed by different truncations of human telomeric DNA, with 5'- or 3'-flanking bases, using isothermal titration calorimetry and circular dichroism. The results clearly indicate that all of these G-quadruplexes are able to bind up to four TMPyP4 molecules. CD studies show that interaction with TMPyP4 promotes the conversion of the hybrid structures to an antiparallel conformation in dilute solution, while under molecular crowding conditions the interaction does not promote any conformational change. ITC reveals in both cases that the binding process comprises two sequential events, a first in which one molecule of TMPyP4 interacts with the quadruplex structures and a second in which three other molecules bind to the structures. The selectivity of TMPyP4 for the quadruplex relative to duplex DNA was also investigated under molecular crowding conditions showing that TMPyP4 has enhanced selectivity for quadruplex DNA compared to the duplex structure. This finding reinforces the potential applications of TMPyP4.

  • Expression pattern of stemness-related genes in human endometrial and endometriotic tissues.
    Publication Date: 01/11/2009, on Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
    by Forte A, Schettino MT, Finicelli M, Cipollaro M, Colacurci N, Cobellis L, Galderisi U
    DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00068

    Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside of the uterus with mixed traits of benign and malignant pathology. In this study we analyzed in endometrial and endometriotic tissues the differential expression of a panel of genes that are involved in preservation of stemness status and consequently considered as markers of stem cell presence. The expression profiles of a panel of 13 genes (SOX2, SOX15, ERAS, SALL4, OCT4, NANOG, UTF1, DPPA2, BMI1, GDF3, ZFP42, KLF4, TCL1) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human endometriotic (n = 12) and endometrial samples (n = 14). The expression of SALL4 and OCT4 was further analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. Genes UTF1, TCL1, and ZFP42 showed a trend for higher frequency of expression in endometriosis than in endometrium (P < 0.05 for UTF1), whereas GDF3 showed a higher frequency of expression in endometrial samples. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SALL4 was expressed in endometriotic samples but not in endometrium samples, despite the expression of the corresponding mRNA in both the sample groups. This study highlights a differential expression of stemness-related genes in ectopic and eutopic endometrium and suggests a possible role of SALL4-positive cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

  • Tedanol: a potent anti-inflammatory ent-pimarane diterpene from the Caribbean Sponge Tedania ignis.
    Publication Date: 01/11/2009, on Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
    by Costantino V, Fattorusso E, Mangoni A, Perinu C, Cirino G, De Gruttola L, Roviezzo F
    DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.010

    Tedanol, a new brominated and sulfated pimarane diterpene was isolated from the Caribbean sponge Tedania ignis. Structure of tedanol was elucidated by mass spectroscopy and extensive NMR studies (including spectral simulation), and its absolute configuration was determined using the Mosher method. Tedanol showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity at 1mg/kg evaluated in vivo in a mouse model of inflammation. After a single intraperitoneal administration, tedanol significantly reduced both the acute and the subchronic phases of carrageenan-induced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity was coupled with a strong inhibition of COX-2 expression, inhibition of cellular infiltration measured as mieloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and inhibition of iNOS expression. These features make tedanol a promising template for the development of new anti-inflammatory molecules with low gastrointestinal toxicity.

  • Real-life impact of early interferon beta therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
    Publication Date: 01/10/2009, on Annals of neurology
    by Trojano M, Pellegrini F, Paolicelli D, Fuiani A, Zimatore GB, Tortorella C, Simone IL, Patti F, Ghezzi A, Zipoli V, Rossi P, Pozzilli C, Salemi G, Lugaresi A, Bergamaschi R, Millefiorini E, Clerico M, Lus G, Vianello M, Avolio C, Cavalla P, Lepore V, Livrea P, Comi G, Amato MP,
    DOI: 10.1002/ana.21757

    Recent findings support greater efficacy of early vs. delayed interferon beta (IFNbeta) treatment in patients with a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of early IFNbeta treatment in definite relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and to assess the optimal time to initiate IFNbeta treatment with regard to the greatest benefits on disability progression.

  • Chromobox protein homologue 7 protein, with decreased expression in human carcinomas, positively regulates E-cadherin expression by interacting with the histone deacetylase 2 protein.
    Publication Date: 01/09/2009, on Cancer research
    by Federico A, Pallante P, Bianco M, Ferraro A, Esposito F, Monti M, Cozzolino M, Keller S, Fedele M, Leone V, Troncone G, Chiariotti L, Pucci P, Fusco A
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1542

    Chromobox protein homologue 7 (CBX7) is a chromobox family protein encoding a novel polycomb protein, the expression of which shows a progressive reduction, well related with the malignant grade of the thyroid neoplasias. Indeed, CBX7 protein levels decreased in an increasing percentage of cases going from benign adenomas to papillary, follicular, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. To elucidate the function of CBX7 in carcinogenesis, we searched for CBX7 interacting proteins by a proteomic analysis. By this approach, we identified several proteins. Among these proteins, we selected histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which is well known to play a key role in neoplastic cell transformation and down-regulation of E-cadherin expression, the loss of which is a critical event in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation that CBX7 physically interacts with the HDAC2 protein and is able to inhibit its activity. Then, we showed that both these proteins bind the E-cadherin promoter and that CBX7 up-regulates E-cadherin expression. Consistent with these data, we found a positive statistical correlation between CBX7 and E-cadherin expression in human thyroid carcinomas. Finally, we showed that the expression of CBX7 increases the acetylation status of the histones H3 and H4 on the E-cadherin promoter. Therefore, the ability of CBX7 to positively regulate E-cadherin expression by interacting with HDAC2 and inhibiting its activity on the E-cadherin promoter would account for the correlation between the loss of CBX7 expression and a highly malignant phenotype.

  • In vitro senescence of rat mesenchymal stem cells is accompanied by downregulation of stemness-related and DNA damage repair genes.
    Publication Date: 01/09/2009, on Stem cells and development
    by Galderisi U, Helmbold H, Squillaro T, Alessio N, Komm N, Khadang B, Cipollaro M, Bohn W, Giordano A
    DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0324

    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest because they are being tested using cell and gene therapies for a number of human diseases. MSCs represent a rare population in tissues. Therefore, it is essential to grow MSCs in vitro before putting them into therapeutic use. This is compromised by senescence, limiting the proliferative capacity of MSCs. We analyzed the in vitro senescence of rat MSCs, because this animal is a widespread model for preclinical cell therapy studies. After initial expansion, MSCs showed an increased growth doubling time, lost telomerase activity, and expressed senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Senescence was accompanied by downregulation of several genes involved in stem cell self-renewal. Of interest, several genes involved in DNA repair also showed a significant downregulation. Entry into senescence occurred with characteristic changes in Retinoblastoma (RB) expression patterns. Rb1 and p107 genes expression decreased during in vitro cultivation. In contrast, pRb2/p130 became the prominent RB protein. This suggests that RB2/P130 could be a marker of senescence or that it even plays a role in triggering the process in MSCs.

  • p62/SQSTM1 is overexpressed and prominently accumulated in inclusions of sporadic inclusion-body myositis muscle fibers, and can help differentiating it from polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
    Publication Date: 01/09/2009, on Acta neuropathologica
    by Nogalska A, Terracciano C, D'Agostino C, King Engel W, Askanas V
    DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0564-6

    p62, also known as sequestosome1, is a shuttle protein transporting polyubiquitinated proteins for both the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation. p62 is an integral component of inclusions in brains of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease (AD) neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease. In AD brain, the p62 localized in NFTs is associated with phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM) is the most common progressive muscle disease associated with aging, and its muscle tissue has several phenotypic similarities to AD brain. Abnormal accumulation of intracellular multiprotein inclusions, containing p-tau in the form of paired helical filaments, amyloid-beta, and several other "Alzheimer-characteristic proteins", is a characteristic feature of the s-IBM muscle fiber phenotype. Diminished proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation appear to play an important role in the formation of intra-muscle-fiber inclusions. We now report that: (1) in s-IBM muscle fibers, p62 protein is increased on both the protein and the mRNA levels, and it is strongly accumulated within, and as a dense peripheral shell surrounding, p-tau containing inclusions, by both the light- and electron-microscopy. Accordingly, our studies provide a new, reliable, and simple molecular marker of p-tau inclusions in s-IBM muscle fibers. The prominent p62 immunohistochemical positivity and pattern diagnostically distinguish s-IBM from polymyositis and dermatomyositis. (2) In normal cultured human muscle fibers, experimental inhibition of either proteasomal or lysosomal protein degradation caused substantial increase of p62, suggesting that similar in vivo mechanisms might contribute to the p62 increase in s-IBM muscle fibers.

  • Lung cancer single intramedullary metastasis vs delayed radionecrosis. A case report.
    Publication Date: 29/08/2009, on The neuroradiology journal
    by Conforti R, Tagliatatela G, De Cristoforo M, Di Costanzo A, Scuotto A, Sanpaolo S, Dericoloso A, Cirillo S
    DOI: 10.1177/197140090902200417

    Intramedullary metastases are rare, accounting for 0.9-5% of spinal metastases. Radiation myelopathy is considered one of the most distressing complications of radiotherapy. In both cases symptoms are aspecific, and there are no characteristic neuroradiologic findings. We describe a case of single intramedullary metastasis from lung microcytoma in a 55-year-old man with a history of malignancy, treated by radiotherapy five years previously. The patient returned to our observation complaining of pain and paraesthesia in the left C7 area. Spinal MRI and rachicentesis findings were aspecific. Ten days later a new MRI showed that the lesion size had increased, and neoplastic cells were found in CSF. Intramedullary metastases are extremely rare, accounting for 0.1-0.4% of all CNS tumors. The risk of developing delayed radionecrosis varies with the total dose administered. In both cases diagnosis is histological, while contrast-enhanced MRI is highly sensitive and specific in identifying and characterizing the lesion. In case of metastatic lesions the prognosis is unfavorable. Differential diagnosis is important because it has a strong effect on patient management.

  • Autophagy, lithium, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Publication Date: 01/08/2009, on Muscle & nerve
    by Pasquali L, Longone P, Isidoro C, Ruggieri S, Paparelli A, Fornai F
    DOI: 10.1002/mus.21423

    In this article we provide an overview of the intersection between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the autophagy pathway and discuss the potential protective effects of lithium through mechanisms that recruit autophagy and other effects. The autophagy pathway is recruited during motor neuron (MN) death both in vitro and in vivo. Despite a few controversial issues concerning the significance (detrimental/protective) of autophagy in ALS, recent findings indicate a protective role. Lithium in low doses is a well-known autophagy inducer that clears misfolded proteins and altered mitochondria from MNs. Moreover, lithium preserves mitochondria and sustains their genesis. This effect is replicated by rapamycin, which is an autophagy inducer but with a different mechanism from lithium. Lithium also increases the number of Renshaw cells that are affected early during the progression of experimental ALS. Again, lithium has been reported to decrease glial proliferation in the ALS spinal cord and induces sprouting in corticospinal fibers. Muscle Nerve 40: 173-194, 2009.

  • Estrogen receptor polymorphism, estrogen content and idiopathic scoliosis in human: a possible genetic linkage.
    Publication Date: 01/08/2009, on The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology
    by Esposito T, Uccello R, Caliendo R, Di Martino GF, Gironi Carnevale UA, Cuomo S, Ronca D, Varriale B
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.04.010

    Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a largely diffused disease in human population but its pathogenesis is still unknown. There is a relationship between scoliotic phenotype and the patient age, since in the early stage the pathology shows a ratio of 50% between male and female teenagers. During puberty the sex ratio is 8.4/1 (female/male), suggesting a sex-conditioned manifestation of the disease. Genetic inheritance of idiopathic scoliosis is still unclear although some authors claim for its X-linked dominant inheritance. There is large agreement in considering the IS as a sex-conditioned disease, in terms of steroid content and their receptor activity, although no evidence has been found yet. The blood content of 17beta-estradiol in teenagers with IS shows lower levels than teenagers of the same age without IS. Also testosterone and progesterone content are lower in IS girls with respect to the control girls. Furthermore, we extracted DNA from white blood cells of IS patients and their relatives until the third generation in order to examine estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms, considering this tool a plausible molecular marker for IS prognosis. In this respect, we identified four polymorphisms in the exons encoding for the steroid binding domain and two other in the trans-activation domain. Our results show a clear relationship with clinical manifestation of IS.

  • Applications of isothermal titration calorimetry in biophysical studies of G-quadruplexes.
    Publication Date: 02/07/2009, on International journal of molecular sciences
    by Pagano B, Mattia CA, Giancola C
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms10072935

    G-quadruplexes are higher-order nucleic acids structures formed by G-rich sequences that are stabilized by tetrads of hydrogen-bonded guanine bases. Recently, there has been growing interest in the study of G-quadruplexes because of their possible involvement in many biological processes. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) has been proven to be a useful tool to study the energetic aspects of G-quadruplex interactions. Particularly, ITC has been applied many times to determine the thermodynamic properties of drug-quadruplex interactions to screening among various drugs and to address drug design. In the present review, we will focus on the ITC studies of G-quadruplex structures and their interaction with proteins and drugs and the most significant results will be discussed.

  • Mesenchymal stem cells: a good candidate for restenosis therapy?
    Publication Date: 01/07/2009, on Current vascular pharmacology
    by Forte A, Galderisi U, Cipollaro M, Cascino A
    DOI:

    Restenosis is a pathophysiological phenomenon that can occur in patients submitted to revascularization procedures (bypass, endarterectomy, angioplasty), possibly resulting in new narrowing of injured vessels. Vascular restenosis remains a pressing clinical problem, despite the therapeutic strategies and devices developed so far. Stem cells hold a great potential for the regeneration of damaged tissues in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies clearly indicated that different stem cell populations contribute to vascular remodeling after injury. Nevertheless, the exact role of vascular cell precursors in restenosis pathophysiology is not yet well defined, as heterogeneous and contrasting data are currently available. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multi-potent stem-like cells able of differentiating into both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lineages. MSCs offer a series of advantages: a) they can be isolated from a small aspirate of bone marrow; b) extensively proliferate in vitro while preserving a normal karyotype and telomerase activity on several passages; c) express low immunogenicity and hence their use should not require a pharmacological immunosuppression. MSCs have an intrinsic ability to differentiate into functional cell types able to repair the diseased or injured tissue in which they are localised. For this reason, MSCs are currently under scrutiny for treatment of different cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, it has not yet been clearly determined whether MSCs can substantially contribute to a positive resolution of restenosis after vascular injury. This review will provide information about the mechanisms at the basis of vascular restenosis and the current knowledge of the role, positive or negative, played by MSCs in restenosis progression as highlighted by recent experimental protocols.